Ko tēhea ārai hiko e whakamahia ana i roto i te raina tuku hiko?

He ārai raina tuku E rua ngā mahi māmā e mahia ana: ka pupuri i te kaiārahi hiko ki tōna tūranga, ka ārai hoki i te turuturu o te iahiko ki te pourewa. Ko te kōwhiringa tika ka whakawhirinaki ki te taumata ngaohiko, te kawenga miihini, me te paru o te hau. Kei raro nei ka tirohia e mātou ngā momo tino noa, ngā mea e rerekē ai ia momo, me te wā e whiriwhiri ai koe i tētahi i tētahi kia taea ai e koe te whakatau tika me te kore e rapu i ngā pukapuka ako.

He aha te mea nui o te rauemi ārai i te tuatahi

I mua i te titiro ki ngā āhua, he pai ki te mārama ki te hanganga o ēnei mea. E toru ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i ngā raina o runga o ēnei rā:

• Pōrēhana: He mea rongonui kua whakamātauhia, he kaha pēhi teitei, ā, he puhoi te koroheketanga. He taumaha ake i ētahi atu momo, ā, he ngāwari ki te pakaru, ki te ru wera rānei mēnā ka pakaru te kiriuhi.
• Karāhe: Mā te karāhe whakapakeke ka kitea he tohu tirohanga mārama: ka pakaru te papa pakaru, ka māmā ake te kite i ngā hapa mai i te whenua. He kaha ngā āhuatanga dielectric, ahakoa ka kukume pea i te haukū i ngā wāhi makuku.
• Polymer (rapa silicone): He māmā, he ātete ki te wai, he kaha te ātete ki te parahanga. He pai mō ngā rohe takutai moana, ā-ahumahi rānei he nui te tote me te puehu. He mea whakaaro te koroheketanga UV mō te wā roa, engari he pai ake te mahi a ngā rauemi hou i ngā putanga o mua.

Nō reira, i te tīmatanga tonu, ka whakawhāitihia te mara e tō taiao. He rerekē ngā hiahia o te aho maroke o uta i te aho e rere ana i te rima kiromita mai i te moana. Ko te ārai e mahi pai ana i tētahi wāhi, me horoi pinepine pea i tētahi atu wāhi.

Pine, whakatārewatanga, tātari, me te whakairi āhea te whakamahi i ia mea

Ko te taitara "ko tēhea ārai e whakamahia ana i roto i te raina tuku" ka ārahi i ngā kaihangarau me ngā kaimahi hoko ki te whakaaro ki te whirihoranga, kaua ko te rauemi anake. Anei te wehewehenga:

• Ārai irahiko: Pai rawa atu mō ngā ngaohiko iti iho (tae atu ki te 33 kV te nuinga). Ka mau tika ki runga i te ringa whakawhiti, me te arataki e noho ana i roto i te awaawa i te tihi. He māmā, he iti te utu, he ngāwari hoki te tāuta. Ki te neke atu i te 33 kV, ka nui rawa, ka kore e whai hua.
• Ārai whakatārewatanga: E whakamahia ana mō ngā ngaohiko mai i te 33 kV ki te 765 kV me tua atu. Ko ngā kōpae i hangaia ki te porcelain, te karāhe, te polymer rānei ka honoa ki roto i te aho. He nui ake ngā kōpae ka taea te whakahaere i ngā ngaohiko teitei ake. Ka taea e te aho te piu me te kaiārahi, ka horahia te kawenga miihini me te mimiti i te nekehanga.
• Ārai totoro: Ka whakatakotoria ki te wāhi e huri ai te ahunga o te aho, e mutu ai te hiko, e whiti rānei i te awaawa. He aho whakatārewatanga tēnei e mahi ana i raro i te totoro hei whakahaere i te kukume katoa o te kaiārahi hiko. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te tauira kōpae kotahi mō ngā tūranga whakatārewatanga me te totoro, me ngā kōpae tāpiri i roto i ngā huihuinga totoro hei ārai i te haumaru.
• Pou ārai hiko: He mea noa i roto i ngā teihana hiko iti, engari e kitea ana hoki i roto i ngā hoahoa pourewa tuku hiko kiato. Ka tautoko pakari, ka āwhina hoki ki te whakaiti i te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā wāhanga me ngā wāhanga.

Mena kei te rapu koe i tētahi ārai hiko mō tētahi aho motuhake, ko te taumata ngaohiko te tikanga e whakatau ana i te whirihoranga. Ko te aho tika 132 kV e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā aho whakatārewatanga, me ngā aho totoro i ngā pourewa koki. Ko te aho poto 11 kV pea he ārai titi anake e hiahiatia ana.

Te pātai parahanga kaua e pekehia e koe

Te tautuhi i tētahi ārai Mā te hiko anake ka puta he pānga ohorere i te ua iti i muri i te wā maroke. Koinā te horapa o te parahanga. Ka taea e te puehu, te tote, te toenga sima, me ngā paru manu te hanga hei paparanga mata kawe hiko, ā, ina tae mai te kohu, te ua rānei, ka piki ake te rerenga hiko hei pānga ohorere.

Mō ngā rārangi e tata ana ki ngā whare matū, ngā rua kohatu, ngā takutai moana rānei, whiriwhiria he ārai wai he roa ake te tawhiti ngoki. Ka pai te whakahaere a ngā momo polymer i tēnei āhuatanga nā te mea ka noho waikore tonu te mata o te rapa silicone, ka puta te makuku hei pupū ake, kaua e hanga he kiriata mākū. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te porcelain me te karāhe i ngā wāhi poke, engari me whai hoahoa roa te ngoki me te wā horoi auau.

Te kaha o te miihini me te pono o ia rā

Kāore tetahi e hiahia ki ngā pakaru o ngā pine, ngā taupoki whati rānei i muri i te tāutanga i ngā marama e rua. He maha ngā wā ka warewarehia te kaha o te miihini ina aro noa te tangata ki ngā whakatauranga hiko. Ka pāngia ngā ārai e te ahotea tonu mai i te wiri o te hau, te uta o te huka, te tere o te ara iahiko, me te whiunga o te uira.

Ina whakatauritehia ngā waeine, tirohia te kawenga pakaru miihini kua tohua me te kawenga whakamātautau noa. E whakamārama mārama ana ngā kaihanga kounga i ngā mea e rua. Mō ngā aho whakatārewatanga, rapua he hononga pōro-me-kōtui paerewa (pēnei i te IEC 60120, ANSI Class 52 rānei) mā tēnei ka māmā ake te kimi i ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu tāpiri i muri mai. Ahakoa kāore pea te paerewa e ahua whakahihiri, ka whakaiti i ngā raruraru mō te wā roa.

Te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o te insulator mō te hoko

Mena kei te arotake koe i ngā whakahua utu, anei tētahi raupapa mahi hei tirotiro i ngā mea:

1. Te taumata ngaohiko me te BIL (taumata whakamarumaru taketake): Tātaitia te ngaohiko whakahaere mōrahi o tō pūnaha me ngā taumata ngaru e tumanakohia ana.
2. Te tawhiti ngoki: Kia tutuki i te iti rawa te whakaritenga IEC, te whakaritenga ratonga ā-rohe rānei mō te akomanga parahanga o tō papaanga. He haumaru ake te roa, tae noa ki te wā e nui rawa ai te whakarerekētanga o te roa o te aho.
3. Rauemi: He pōrohe, he karāhe rānei mō te roa o te ora, ahakoa te taumaha; he pōrohe mō te māmā o te whakahaere, te ātete ki te parahanga, me te ngāwari ake o te tāutanga ki ngā whenua taratara.
4. Te whakatauranga kawenga ā-mīhini: Me nui ake i te kumetanga kino rawa atu mō ngā tūranga kumetanga me te kawenga whakakotahi i runga i ngā pūwāhi whakatārewatanga.
5. Ngā hononga pito: Manatokohia ngā taputapu maitai whakarewa wera, maitai kore waikura rānei e ōrite ana ki te āpitihanga pourewa.

Mā taua raupapa ka arotahi tonu te haumaru whakahaere ki te tuatahi, ko te utu mō te huringa ora o te raina tuarua, ko te utu tīmatanga tuatoru - he whakaaro e penapena moni ana mō te roanga o te oranga o te raina mō ngā tau 40.

Kia hoki anō ki tētahi pātai māmā

Nō reira, ko tēhea ārai e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā raina tuku hiko? Ko te whakautu pono: kei te whakawhirinaki, engari e whakawhirinaki ana te umanga ki ētahi momo kua whakamātauhia. Mō te tuku hiko ngaohiko teitei, ko ngā ārai whakatārewatanga i hangaia ki te karāhe, te porcelain, te polymer rānei te pou tuara. Mō ngā ngaohiko tohatoha iti ake, ka pai te mahi a ngā ārai titi. I ngā wāhi poke, takutai rānei, he maha ngā wā ka pai ake ngā ārai whakatārewatanga polymer i ngā kōwhiringa uku. I ngā wāhi e mutu ai, e tahuri ai rānei ngā raina, ka taea e ngā huihuinga ārai taumahatanga te whakahaere i te taumahatanga.

Ka māmā noa te whiriwhiri i te ārai hiko tika ina arotahi koe ki ngā mea e toru: te ngaohiko, te ahotea miihini, me te taiao. Ka whakatauritea e ngā miihini o te mara te hua ki ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu, kaua ki ngā wawata pepa raraunga. Mena kei te rapu koe mō tētahi kaupapa, tīmata ki aua āhuatanga e toru, ā, ka eke koe ki mua i mua i te whakatuwheratanga o tētahi rarangi pukapuka.